Airspace organization is the process of the airspace structure imolementation.
Airspace management is an integral part of the air traffic management.
Airspace organization
Ukrainian airspace and airspace over the High Seas, where the responsibility for air traffic services is delegated to Ukraine by international agreements, defined and established in accordance with the Standards and recommended practices of ICAO, EUROCONTROL documents, the Air Code of Ukraine, the Regulation on Use of Airspace of Ukraine, and structured as follows:
- 1 Upper flight information region (UIR KYIV);
- 5 Flight Information Regions (FIR Dnipro, FIR Kyiv, FIR L’viv, FIR Odesa, FIR Simferopol’);
- Control areas and control zones (UTA, CTA, TMA, CTR), where air traffic service is provided by ATS units;
- Military TMAs, CTR, where air traffic control is provided by controlling military units;
- Aerodrome Flight Information Zones (AFIZ) – established for providing flight information service and emergency service on AFIS aerodromes;
- Aerodrome Traffic Zones (ATZ) – usually established for each airfield;
- ATS routes and routes established for crossing the state border;
- Free route airspace (FRA);
- Prohibited Areas (P); Restricted Areas ( R); Danger Areas (D) - areas, where flights are prohibited or restricted;
- Exercises and Training Areas (T) defined as Temporary segregated Area (TSA) or Temporary restricted Area (TRA);
- Special rules airspace – established along the state border and around Prohibited Areas (P).
Terminal airspace design
Terminal airspace design is based on flight procedures in terminal areas to organize safe and effective air navigation.
These procedures include:
- Standard instrument departure (SID)
- Standard instrument arrival (STAR)
- Instrument approach procedure
- Area navigation procedures (RNAV)
- Visual maneuvering procedures
During the design process of the mentioned procedures special attention is paid to
obstacle clearance altitude/height (OCA/OCH) calculation – minimal altitude or height over the runway threshold or in some cases over the runway elevation, which is used to observe certain criteria of obstacle clearance.
Terminal airspace design procedures and terminal design of airspace consider the needs and interests of all the participants of air navigation. For this purpose Air Navigation Service Department established close contacts with principal airlines that perform flights to the airports of Ukraine, navigation services of the airports and ATS units. This comprehensive approach is foreseen by international documents and adapted into the
Guidance on Ukrainian airspace design structure (
1,2Mb, ukr). For the proper fulfillment of its main purpose Air Navigation Service Department personnel that is engaged in the process of design of terminal airspace solve a lot of routine, but nevertheless very important problems in everyday work:
analysis of building (reconstruction) of object (objects) allocation condition since they can be hazardous for air traffic safety руху, imitation modeling, monitoring of new and improved terminal procedures usage, quality control of published air navigation information.
Any design procedure task can be fulfilled in short term due to the modern software and highly qualified personnel of the enterprise.
One of the main ways of terminal airspace development is the introduction of the most up-to-date air navigation methods, performance-based navigation (PBN): using navigation coverage of available and perspective global satellite systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, EGNOS and developed ground infrastructure for positioning of aircraft during the flight (DME/DME). Performance-based navigation is a requirement for the implementation of the main innovations such as free route airspace (FRA) and continuous descent approach techniques (CDA).
Application of such navigation methods allows using the abilities of modern aircraft facilities as far as possible, to save fuel, to reduce negative impact on environment, to simplify the work of air crews and air traffic controllers.
ATS Airspace Classification
Ukrainian airspace and airspace over the high sea where the air traffic service is delegated to Ukraine by international agreements, is divided into the controlled ATS airspace and airspace which is outside the controlled ATS airspace.
Controlled ATS airspace is classificated as Class C and Class D airspace in accordance with ICAO Standards within which all types of ATS are provided.
The airspace outside controlled ATS airspace of Ukraine is divided into ATS airspace, where flight information service and emergency services are available on request (ATS airspace class G), and non-classificated airspace where air traffic services are not provided.
The scheme of distribution of ATS airspace Classes for Ukraine (
92Kb)
Airspace management
Airspaсe management – a planning function with the primary objective of maximizing the utilization of available airspace by dynamic time-sharing and, at times, the segregation of airspaсe among various categories of users based on short-term needs.
Management of airspace of Ukraine and airspace over the high sea with the air traffic service responsibility delegated to Ukraine by international agreements is fulfilled via FUA principle on three levels: strategic, pre-tactical, tactical.
Three levels of airspace management cover the civil-military coordination tasks.
Airspace management at Strategic level is fulfilled by State Aviation Administration of Ukraine approved by Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.
Airspace management at Pre-tactical and Tactical levels is fulfilled by
UKRAEROCENTER and ACC within their responsibility.
Airspace management at Pre-tactical level means planning, coordination procedures and daily airspace allocation among airspace users on a temporary basis in accordance with the State priorities.
Airspace management at tactical level means procedures on the day of operation, of activation, deactivation and real time reallocation of airspace, allocated at Pre-tactical level. Tactical level also means civil-military coordination procedures between appropriate ATS units and controlling military ATC units concerning possible conflict resolution during the air traffic service for GAT and air traffic control for OAT.
The list of main regulatory legal acts of Ukraine and documents of Eurocontrol on airspace management (
24Kb).
Airspace use planning processes
Airspace use planning processes on pre-tactical and tactical levels is fulfilled by
UKRAEROCENTER and ASM cells of each ATM Center within their responsibilities.
Airspace users interested in execution of flight and/or execution of other activity of airspace use, should submit airspace requests according to regulatory legal acts of Ukraine.
After receiving of airspace requests UKRAEROCENTER, ASM cells of ATM Centers within their responsibilities shell analyse and coordinate airspace requests submitted.
UKRAEROCENTER in coordination with ATM Center concerned takes decision and includes the processed airspace requests into Airspace Use Plan (AUP) that is considered to be the approval or prohibition of airspace use; the applicant of airspase request is informed obout this, on request.
Simultaneous usage of airspace (by location, by time and by altitude) by two or more airspace users is regulated by UKRAEROCENTER and ASM cells of ATM Centers under their responsibilities according to State priorities and FUA principles.
UKRAEROCENTER compiles and updates the Airspace Use Plan (UUP) according to the decisions made on airspace allocation and re-allocation as well as provided airspace use approvals and prohibitions.
Approval of airspace use is provided by UKRAEROCENTER, ASM cells of ATM Centers.
Airspace use decisions made by UKRAEROCENTER, ASM cells of ATM Centers under their responsibilities are obligatory for the fulfillment by all ATS units, departmental ATC units, airspace users.
Airspace use approval is provided for flights with flights operations approval in force.
Obtaining of the airspace use approval (
38Kb)
Civil-military coordination
Civil- military coordination is carried out between the competent civil and military authorities, other competent state aviation authorities in order to ensure safety in the event any activity potentially dangerous to the flight of civil aircraft is planned by any military authority, other state aviation authority, which is located in Ukraine or abroad.
This civil-military coordination is carried out in case any potentially dangerous activity is planned and implemented in Ukraine or in the airspace over the High seas with the air traffic service responsibility delegated to Ukraine by international agreements.
Civil-military coordination is provided by UkSATSE at international, interdepartmental and operational level.
Civil-military coordination at international level is provided by UkSATSE in the process of state policy realisation regarding the airspace use and air traffic management. Operational issues are under the responsibility of
UKRAEROCENTER and ATM Centers.
Civil-military coordination on interdepartmental level is provided by UkSATSE together with the appropriate State authorities, organizations and airspace users to solve the issues concerning airspace use and air traffic management.
Civil-military coordination on operational level is provided by UKRAEROCENTER, ATM Centers with appropriate authority bodies of Armed Forces of Ukraine, law enforcement bodies, other military units, ATS units and departmental ATC units to address operational issues during planning phase and airspace use activities in irder to ensure safety and effectiveness of air traffic during simultaneous civil and state flights, other airspace use activities and to control the order and compliance of Ukrainian airspace use rules.
Civil-military coordination within Integrated civil-military ATM system (ICMS) is provided by UKRAEROCENTER and ATM Centers to resolve the operational issues concerning air traffic management and airspace management.
Civil-military coordination during ATS/ATC at common-use aerodromes provided by joint group for flights control (JGFC). Civil and military ATCOs of JGFC provide safety and effectiveness of air traffic during simultaneous civil and state flight operations of civil and state aircraft in the same airspace.
Integrated civil-military air traffic management system of Ukraine
Integrated civil-military air traffic management system (ICMS) provides the fulfillment of tasks of ASM, safe and regular air traffic in the airspace of Ukraine and in the airspace over the high sea, where the air traffic service responsibility is delegated to Ukraine by international agreements.
Business structure, objectives and functions of ICMS are defined by the
Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine №1281 dated 19.07.1999 (
148Kb, ukr).
ICMS is headed by UkSATSE Director.
ICMS includes:
- UKRAEROCENTER, the main operational unit of ICMS
- KYIVCENTRAERO (Kyiv RB)
- Dnipro RB
- Odesa RB
- L’viv RB
- Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)
- Professional Training Centre (refer to Training and Certification Centre of UkSATSE)
- Medical Certification Commission for Aviation Personnel (MCC) (refer to Medical Center)
